b]First Law of Thermodynamics
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The first law of thermodynamics is the application of the conservation of energy principle to heat and thermodynamic processes:
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The first law of thermodynamics is the application of the conservation of energy principle to heat and thermodynamic processes:
[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]
The first law makes use of the key concepts of internal energy, heat, and system work. It is used extensively in the discussion of heat engines. The standard unit for all these quantities would be the joule, although they are sometimes expressed in calories or BTU.
It is typical for chemistry texts to write the first law as ΔU=Q+W.
It is the same law, of course - the thermodynamic expression of the
conservation of energy principle. It is just that W is defined as the
work done on the system instead of work done by the
system. In the context of physics, the common scenario is one of adding
heat to a volume of gas and using the expansion of that gas to do work,
as in the pushing down of a piston in an internal combustion engine. In
the context of chemical reactions and process, it may be more common to
deal with situations where work is done on the system rather than by
it.